SMB M&A SERIES: Financing Business Acquisitions with SBA 7(a) and 504 Loans

Jul 23, 2024

By: Nicholas J. Graham, Esq.


The SMB M&A series provides insights into buying and selling a small business.

For business buyers looking to acquire a small business, securing the right financing is often a critical step. The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) offers two popular loan programs that can be invaluable in this process: the 7(a) loan and the 504 loan. These loans are available through local lenders and are partially guaranteed by the SBA, reducing the risk for lenders and making it easier for small businesses and entrepreneurs to obtain financing. Both programs provide favorable terms that can make acquiring a business more achievable. Here’s a closer look at how each can be used, with a particular focus on the flexibility of the 7(a) loan, as it is more commonly used for business acquisitions.


The SBA 7(a) Loan Program


The 7(a) loan program is the SBA’s most popular and flexible loan option. It is designed to help small businesses and entrepreneurs obtain financing when they might not be eligible for traditional financing options. Here are the key advantages and uses of the 7(a) loan for business acquisitions:


1. Broad Eligibility and Use of Funds:


The 7(a) loan can be used for a variety of purposes, including purchasing a business which can include goodwill, buying out partners, acquiring real estate, and refinancing existing debt. This flexibility makes it an ideal choice for business acquisitions where the buyer may need to cover multiple types of expenses.


2.  Favorable Terms and Conditions:


7(a) loans offer competitive interest rates, long repayment terms (up to 10 years for business acquisitions), and lower down payment requirements compared to conventional loans. These favorable terms can ease the financial burden on buyers and improve cash flow during the critical early stages of ownership.


3.  Working Capital Inclusion:


One significant advantage of the 7(a) loan is the ability to include working capital in the loan amount. This can provide new business owners with the necessary liquidity to manage day-to-day operations, especially important during the transition period post-acquisition.


4.  Collateral Flexibility:


While the SBA prefers loans to be fully collateralized, a 7(a) loan can still be approved even if sufficient collateral is not available. This can be a major benefit for buyers who have limited assets to pledge.


The SBA 504 Loan Program


The 504 loan program is another powerful financing tool, primarily focused on fixed assets such as real estate and equipment. It involves a partnership between the SBA, a Certified Development Company (“CDC”), and a private lender. Here’s how it works for business acquisitions:


1.  Structured Financing:


A 504 loan typically consists of three parts: a loan from a private sector lender covering 50% of the project cost, a loan from a CDC covering up to 40%, and a 10% down payment from the borrower. This structure can reduce the amount of equity the buyer needs to provide upfront.


2.  Long-Term Fixed Rates:


The 504 loan offers long-term fixed interest rates, which can provide stability and predictability for business owners. This is particularly beneficial when acquiring property as part of the business purchase.


3.  Real Estate and Equipment Focus:


While the 504 loan is less flexible than the 7(a) loan in terms of eligible uses, it is ideal for acquisitions that involve significant real estate or heavy equipment investments. The ability to finance these assets over a long term with a fixed rate can be a strategic advantage.


Conclusion


Navigating the complexities of financing a business acquisition can be challenging, but SBA loans offer valuable tools to help buyers achieve their goals. The 7(a) loan’s flexibility and broad eligibility make it a particularly attractive option, while the 504 loan’s fixed-rate, long-term structure provides stability for significant asset purchases. However, to truly capitalize on these advantages, it's essential to structure the transaction properly and adhere to all eligibility criteria and regulatory requirements. With careful planning and compliance, SBA loans can provide the financial support needed to successfully acquire and grow a business.


If you’re considering buying a business and exploring SBA loan options, our experienced M&A team at Scolaro Fetter Grizanti & McGough, P.C. is here to help. Our team handles small business M&A transactions throughout New York State, Vermont, Pennsylvania and Florida.



This article is intended to be for informational and discussion purposes only and is not to be construed as legal advice or as a legal opinion on which certain actions should or should not be taken.

SMB M&A SERIES: Financing Business Acquisitions with SBA 7(a) and 504 Loans

23 Jul, 2024
By: Nicholas J. Graham, Esq. The SMB M&A series provides insights into buying and selling a small business. For business buyers looking to acquire a small business, securing the right financing is often a critical step. The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) offers two popular loan programs that can be invaluable in this process: the 7(a) loan and the 504 loan. These loans are available through local lenders and are partially guaranteed by the SBA, reducing the risk for lenders and making it easier for small businesses and entrepreneurs to obtain financing. Both programs provide favorable terms that can make acquiring a business more achievable. Here’s a closer look at how each can be used, with a particular focus on the flexibility of the 7(a) loan, as it is more commonly used for business acquisitions. The SBA 7(a) Loan Program The 7(a) loan program is the SBA’s most popular and flexible loan option. It is designed to help small businesses and entrepreneurs obtain financing when they might not be eligible for traditional financing options. Here are the key advantages and uses of the 7(a) loan for business acquisitions: 1. Broad Eligibility and Use of Funds: The 7(a) loan can be used for a variety of purposes, including purchasing a business which can include goodwill, buying out partners, acquiring real estate, and refinancing existing debt. This flexibility makes it an ideal choice for business acquisitions where the buyer may need to cover multiple types of expenses. 2. Favorable Terms and Conditions: 7(a) loans offer competitive interest rates, long repayment terms (up to 10 years for business acquisitions), and lower down payment requirements compared to conventional loans. These favorable terms can ease the financial burden on buyers and improve cash flow during the critical early stages of ownership. 3. Working Capital Inclusion: One significant advantage of the 7(a) loan is the ability to include working capital in the loan amount. This can provide new business owners with the necessary liquidity to manage day-to-day operations, especially important during the transition period post-acquisition. 4. Collateral Flexibility: While the SBA prefers loans to be fully collateralized, a 7(a) loan can still be approved even if sufficient collateral is not available. This can be a major benefit for buyers who have limited assets to pledge. The SBA 504 Loan Program The 504 loan program is another powerful financing tool, primarily focused on fixed assets such as real estate and equipment. It involves a partnership between the SBA, a Certified Development Company (“CDC”), and a private lender. Here’s how it works for business acquisitions: 1. Structured Financing: A 504 loan typically consists of three parts: a loan from a private sector lender covering 50% of the project cost, a loan from a CDC covering up to 40%, and a 10% down payment from the borrower. This structure can reduce the amount of equity the buyer needs to provide upfront. 2. Long-Term Fixed Rates: The 504 loan offers long-term fixed interest rates, which can provide stability and predictability for business owners. This is particularly beneficial when acquiring property as part of the business purchase. 3. Real Estate and Equipment Focus: While the 504 loan is less flexible than the 7(a) loan in terms of eligible uses, it is ideal for acquisitions that involve significant real estate or heavy equipment investments. The ability to finance these assets over a long term with a fixed rate can be a strategic advantage. Conclusion Navigating the complexities of financing a business acquisition can be challenging, but SBA loans offer valuable tools to help buyers achieve their goals. The 7(a) loan’s flexibility and broad eligibility make it a particularly attractive option, while the 504 loan’s fixed-rate, long-term structure provides stability for significant asset purchases. However, to truly capitalize on these advantages, it's essential to structure the transaction properly and adhere to all eligibility criteria and regulatory requirements. With careful planning and compliance, SBA loans can provide the financial support needed to successfully acquire and grow a business. If you’re considering buying a business and exploring SBA loan options, our experienced M&A team at Scolaro Fetter Grizanti & McGough, P.C. is here to help. Our team handles small business M&A transactions throughout New York State, Vermont, Pennsylvania and Florida. This article is intended to be for informational and discussion purposes only and is not to be construed as legal advice or as a legal opinion on which certain actions should or should not be taken.

SMB M&A SERIES: Limiting Liability - Representations and Warranties in Purchase Agreements

17 Jul, 2024
By: Daniel J. Fetter, Esq. The SMB M&A series provides insights into buying and selling a small business. In all business transactions, the Seller will be asked to make a series of representations and warranties (" R&W ") regarding the business. These R&W, which can range from 1 - 20 pages depending on the size of the transaction, cover the Seller's finances, taxes, condition/title of assets, liabilities, legal compliance, litigation, employment matters, contracts, customers, etc. The purpose of the R&W is to give the Buyer a comprehensive understanding of what he or she is purchasing (the good and the bad). This portion of the Purchase Agreement is heavily negotiated as its effect shifts liability between the Seller and Buyer from issues that may arise post-closing. If the Buyer suffers a financial loss, the Buyer will review the R&W and make a claim for indemnification if it can be argued that such loss stems from a breach of those representations. For this reason, the Buyer will want the representations to be as broad as possible while the Seller will try to limit their scope and mitigate its post-closing liability. There are several ways a Seller can try to reduce their liability exposure. This article will focus on some of the basic strategies used. Use Qualifying Language: Limit the representation to what the Seller actually knows (or should know after a reasonable investigation). For example, consider these two statements: 1. "The products sold by Seller do not infringe on the proprietary rights of others." 2. " To Seller's actual knowledge , the products sold by Seller do not infringe on the proprietary rights of others." Example "1" is a statement of fact and shifts liability to the Seller in the event any infringement claim arises, regardless of the Seller's knowledge on the issue. Example "2" shifts liability to the Seller only if Seller actually knew of the infringement at the time of closing. Sellers may also try and limit the scope of the representation by including a "materiality" qualifier. Consider the following examples: 1. "Seller is and has been in compliance with all applicable laws." 2. "Seller is and has been in compliance, in all material respects , with all applicable laws." No Seller can truly make the representation under example "1", and including such a statement may subject the Seller to being liable for any costs, no matter how small, due to potential immaterial claims by the Buyer. Under example "2", Seller is acknowledging that the business is not in absolute compliance, but such violations do not rise to the level of having a material effect on the business. Buyers do not like this limitation because unless the Purchase Agreement defines "material" (not all do), it raises the question of what is material? Buyers may try to address this issue by including a "materiality scrape", which is a topic for a separate article. Survival Period: The Purchase Agreement will state how long the R&W survive closing. The survival period will typically last between 12-24 months following closing with some representations surviving longer in accordance with the applicable statute of limitations (these are referred to as " Fundamental Representations "). This limits the time a party has to make an indemnity claim for a breach of a R&W. Buyers prefer to have representations extend as long as possible while Sellers try to shorten the survival period. As long as Buyer notifies Seller of a claim before the representation has expired, the Buyer's claim will be valid. Accuracy: Last but not least, take the time to carefully review each representation and investigate when necessary to ensure the statement is accurate. These are only some of the strategies found in Seller's tool-kit to reduce exposure. Sellers may also consider the deal structure (stock vs. asset), baskets, caps and anti-sandbagging clauses (which will be covered in additional articles).  The Scolaro Law Firm handles small business M&A transactions throughout New York State, Vermont, Pennsylvania and Florida. If you are interested in buying/selling a business, please contact Daniel Fetter or the attorney at our firm with whom you work. This article is intended to be for informational and discussion purposes only and is not to be construed as legal advice or as a legal opinion on which certain actions should or should not be taken.
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